Preparation Of Novel Phase Change Mixtures Suitable For Storage Of Energy
Thesis (PH.D.) Department of Chemical Engineering
by
Ola Mohamed Aly Omer El Darawi
Abstract :
Energy storage systems are a necessity in the storage of solar energy, since the latter is not available at all times and is subject to interruption either at night time or when inclement weather prevails. Interest in phase change materials for thermal energy storage has proceeded rapidly over the last two decades. There are a number of organic and inorganic materials which can be used for low temperature heat storage such as inorganic salt hydrates, fatty acids and their derivatives and paraffin waxes. Organic compounds are better suited for passive solar applications because they are self nucleating, exhibit no or only minor super cooling and can be impregnated into common building materials which makes them suitable for space heating.
In the present work, an investigation regarding the tailoring of efficient heat storage mixtures that rely on phase change during use was carried out. In order to adjust the melting point temperature as desired, binary as well as ternary organic mixtures in different ratios were investigated. The thesis is divided into three parts. In part one, bin.
Keywords: Energy Engineering
Content-Based Image Retrieval with Super - Peer Network Structure
Thesis (M.S.) Department of Computer Science
By Samira Gad Omer
Abstract :
This thesis related to two motivating research areas, P2P and CBIR. It is a promising area of research in terms of performance and cost (storage, computation, and communication). Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is concerned with using the image visual content, such as col or, texture, and shape, to search and compare images from large-scale image database. A novel framework for CBIR is presented. Local descriptors are used to describe the visual contents of an image. Image signatures and similarity retrieval are based on a multi-dimensional feature vector, of dimension d, that is extracted from the image color and texture features. The proposed CBIR system has three components: First, primitive feature extraction, the use of circular sectors is proposed to represent local first order moment for the color feature. In addition, a local direction technique is used for texture feature extraction. Secondly, the hash indexing of the images’ color properties is used to map the database images into classes. Hash indexing speeds up the search and enhances the system scalability for large image databases. Thirdly, for similarity retrieval, a degree of similarity is defined based on a weighted sum of the color and texture features. In addition, the similarity retrieval incorporates a minimum accepted degree of similarity, and maximum number of retrieved images provided by the user. Super-peer networks inherit the advantages of P2P networks, such as pooling together the shared data (images in our system) across peers, self-organizing, and fault-tolerance. In addition, they take advantage of the heterogeneity of capabilities across peers in load-balancing and network adaptation. A super-peer node operates as an equal peer, and as a server/parent to a set of peers. A novel organization of super-peers as a structured overlay P2P network (specifically CAN) is presented. A super-peer maintains a zone in the d-torus virtual space that contains a set of global image categories (clusters). In addition, a super-peer manages the set of peers that hold images belonging to those global categories. That is the proposed super¬peer network is both structured and clustered according to the peers’ image collections. A semi-fuzzy clustering algorithm is used for both clustering a peer image collection and for assigning a peer image cluster to at least two parent super-peers. We adopt the super-peer network for search and retrieval of images across a group of peers’ shared image collections. This architecture of a structured and clustered super-peer network guarantees the retrieval of the most similar images to a query image. Scalability analysis demonstrates that the extra storage requirement for a peer is less than 0.1 % of its total shared images’ size, and less than 9% for a super-peer. In addition, empirical experiments verified the system performance improvement (i.e. higher retrieval precision, acceptable recall, lower percentage of contacted peers during any operation, and reducing query messages flooding) The significant contribution is in addressing the data location to search in.
Keywords : Computer Network
Performance Of Main Deck Coating Composite Materials
Thesis (M.S.) -Department of Mechanicals Engineering
By Ashraf Mohamed Hassan El- Demenky
Abstract :
son of surfaces is one of the mai 11 problems faced by the navy resulting from used by the exposure of surfaces to extremely corrosive environment that des salt spray, heat, humidity and sunlight. TIlls leads to decrease in the ess of the iron that weakens these surfaces ad makes them collapse. These ces cannot be changed due to the presence of construction and cquipments. tive coatings are used to compensate the loss in the thickness ofthe iron and protect the remaining part frol11 corrosion.
ints and coatings are used successfully as protective coatings in industry due to ir performance characteristics and ability to protect steel structures effectively. acting technology has been under control due to regulations of health and ..:Environmental impact. ,into study the durability and the ability to withstand the abuse of paint conditions of t use, different tests are conducted which includes chemical, physical and mechanical tests. Tests are conducted to evaluate different coatings for ship surface coating. The coating materials used are GRP, Epoxy and Polyurethane. The tests include the measurements of static coeffi.ciem cl’ friction using inclined base test. Flexibility test is conducted by bending the sheet to study th.~ adh~sion of organic coatings on metallic substrates. Shore 0 hardness test is , ..• sed to determine the indentation resistance of coating. ASTM D 1645 standard wrrosion test is conducted to cOll1pare between the different coatings for a 10 month periodFinally fatigue bending test is used to evaluate the adhesion of the coating.
Results indicated that epoxy shows a very high corrosion resistance, fatigue strength and flexibility and efficient results ill friction and hardness tests. It was concluded that epoxy is considered as the best coating for ship deck surface.
Keywords : Composite Materials
Influence Of Different Chlorine Injection Methods On The Filmentous Bulking Problem
Thesis (M.S.) Department of Sanitary Engineering
By Salem Ibrahim Salem Mohamed
Abstract :
The activated sludge process is the most commonly used technology for biological wastewater treatment. However, filamentous bulking is one of the drawbacks of the activated sludge plants. Filamentous bulking problem occurs when one or more environmental conditions encourage filamentous organisms’ development (Iow DO, low pH, low F/M, septic wastes, high sludge age and nutrient deficiency). They become the predominant organisms. When this occurs, they cause poor sludge settling. Although the extensive researches that have been done on sludge bulking, it still occurs world-wide and a comprehensive solution does not seem to be available. Chlorine is one of the most popular methods used to control filamentous bulking phenomena. This research was executed in activated sludge plant which was subjected to filamentous bulking problem because of high sludge retention time (SRT) and low DO concentration. This work aims to study the effect of chlorine injection on bulking problem, microorganisms measured as MLSS, filamentous organisms and plant performance. The chlorine was injected in three different scenarios. In the first scenario, the doses of chlorine were 1.0,2.0 and 7.0 mg/lit added continuously in the aeration tank. In the second scenario, the chlorine dose of 1.0 mg/lit was added regularly in six batches per day. In the third scenario, 1.0 mg/lit chlorine dose was added in the aeration tank one time. Consequently, the difference between scenarios was depended on injection methods and doses concentration. In all scenarios, the chlorine was added to the returned sludge at its inlet to the aeration tank. In all previous scenarios, there was similarity and dissimilarity between them in some points. The similarity points between scenarios were as the following. Firstly, the chlorine has successfully controlled bulking problem and destroyed most of filamentous organisms. Secondly, SVI values decreased in all scenarios with the end of chlorine injection to about 80 ml/gm. Thirdly, both of SS & BOD removal efficiencies increased after chlorine injection. Finally, MLSS, MLVSS and SS Relum decreased during chlorine injection, while their values increased again after chlorine injection. The dissimilarity point between scenarios was the influence of chlorine on MLSS & MLVSS which varied from one scenario to another. This variation is related to the method of injection. It was found that, continuous injection is the best way which has low influence on MLSS & ML VSS concentrations, while the batch injection method can be used if there is a difficulty in the execution of continuous injection. The injection of the entire dose of chlorine one time has a negative effect on the plant performance, because of a huge reduction in MLSS & ML VSS concentrations
Keywords : Chlorine
The Mutual Influences Of Structural And Architectural Forms
The Interaction Of Architecture - Structure-Form
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Architecture
By Mona Mohamed Naguib Ahmed
Abstract :
In architecture, the artwork is undertaken by a team, much like the member of a chamber music group. To make good music, they all need to listen to each other; if they are out of tune, none of their separate efforts are of much use because the dissonance will hurt the ears and make noise rather than art.
Thereby, structural form and architectural form need to be in tune for a building to be considered ”good”. To be ”good” requires that the building serves its function, is a solid structure, is an impressive piece of art and obeys the demands of a sustainable natural environment a requirement of which we have newly become aware.
To explore these relationships in some depth, it is important to investigate the role of structural form in architecture in the past and the future
Keywords : Architectural & Structure
Use Of Solar Energy As An Application Of Renewable Energy On Board Ferries Between Saudi Arabis And Egypt
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering
By
Faisal Mohamed I Al Jarboa
Abstract :
The main objective of the work reported in this thesis is using solar energy for ferry ships. The main idea for solar energy is using the two types of solar energy photovoltaic and thermal solar energy on board ships. By using this system the running costs for generators will be reduced and the initial cost will be increased. The need for renewable and/or green energy sources to replace fossil fuel with the incrementally rising prices is driving many researchers to work on narrowing the gap between more scientific innovative clean energy technologies and the concepts off feasibility and cost-effective solutions. The present photovoltaic energy cost is still higher than the price the utility customers pay in most countries. For that reason, the photovoltaic applications have been limited to remote locations. With the declining prices, the market of new modules has been growing at more than a 15 percent annual rate during the last five years. The United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, China, India, and other countries have established new programs or have expanded the existing ones. It has been estimated that the potential photovoltaic market, with new programs coming in, could be as great as 1,600 MW by 2010. This is a significant growth projection, largely attributed to new manufacturing plants installed in the late 1990s to manufacture Iow cost photovoltaic cells and modules to meet the growing demand. So, in this thesis the possibilities of using solar energy as renewable energy is discussed in order to reach to the optimum use of solar energy on board ships. This principle has been applied in ferry ships as a case study of using renewable energy in marine field. The first chapter is concerned with world energy resources and consumption, diesel engine emissions, and International Maritime organization (IMO) and ship emissions. The second chapter includes classification of marine fuels and the different types of fuels in the different types of power plants in addition to the properties of each fuel. The third chapter is concerned with renewable energy and its sources. It includes wind power, ocean Energy, solar energy, biofuel, and geothermal energy. The fourth chapter, it deals with solar energy power plant. The two types of solar energy; the photovoltaic and thermal solar energy, the photovoltaic includes three types, thin film, crystalline silicon, and concentrators are explained. Thermal solar collectors mainly have three types, flat plate collectors, coated collectors, and evacuated collectors. The fifth chapter includes the case study .The specifications of Riyadh catamaran ferry ship are presented in this chapter. The sixth chapter concentrates on the calculation of the efficiency for different types of photovoltaic solar energy and thermal solar energy. It includes also the heat balance of diesel generators and the calculations of two types of solar energy calculation using engineering equation solver program (EES).The calculations also include the heat and cooling loads obtained from using solar thermal energy and absorption refrigeration machines.
Keywords : Renewable Energy
Evaluation Of Water Treatment Plant In New Borg El-Arab
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Sanitary Engineering
By Medhat Soliman El –Azab
Abstract :
The object of this work is to evaluate the water treatment plant in New Borg El-Arab city. The monitoring approach was used in the evaluation process. Water treatment plant of New Borg EI- Arab City uses conventional treatment, which consist of pre-settling, coagulation/flocculation (sediment removal), granular filtration (sediment removal) and disinfection. Routine samples were taken from the intake of water treatment plant on Mariut Canal and from the outlet of WTP and from the city network during the period from 2002 to 2008. The physicochemical, heavy metal, crobiological, pesticides and THMs analyses were conducted on the taken samples. The results revealed that the general total dissolved solid (TDS) trend shows a decrease in concentrations. This could be attributed to the change of some drains courses to discharge in West EI-Noubaria drain. The heavy metal analysis showed that most of the examined samples were below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) recommended by the Egyptian Higher Committee of Water (EHCW, 1995) and by the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 2003), Iron and Aluminum ncentrations violate the (MCL). For microbiological analysis, coliform wasn’t detected in treated water. The results shows remarkable increase in THMs values that exceeded the (MCL) in treated water. Presence of THMs in drinking water especially chloroform, is of carcinogenic effect. The existing pollutants can be attributed to the agricultural drainage discharge of EI-Nasr I, EI-Naser 3 and Umomm mixing station in to Noubaria canal. In addition to the discharge of Taarner EI-Sahari Gate drain in to Mariut canal. The agriculturaI drainage discharged in to Noubaria canal is mixed with sewage. This study found that the proposed alternatives for good management of water quality of Borg El-Arab treatment plant can be achieved through constructing treatment plant with Reverse Osmosis unit to meet the drinking water demand of residential areas of the city, organic matter can be reduced by adding activated carbon layers of the 30 cm to the filter layers or by using a pre-filtering step in the purification process without adding any type of chemicals to prevent THMs formation. West EI-Noubaria drain can be used as a canal supplies water to water treatment plants on EI-Noubaria canal and straightened it to take water from El-Rayyah EI-Nasseri. Close the gate of Taarner EI-Sahari drain on Mariut canal. Move the treatment plant backwash line outfall to discharge after Mariut booster station.
Keywords : Water Treatment
Environmental Impact Of Industrial Assets Health Management
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Production Engineering
By
Asmaa Mohamed Ahmed El Maghraby
Abstract :
The Environmental Impact of any industry should be studied thoroughly, and that should be considered by item society. Thinking to use the AHM (Asset Health Management), through submit an application of AM (Asset Management) supported by CM (Condition Monitoring) tools for equipments, relives the environment from the consequences of unhealthy assets. Recently, ARM (Asset Health Management) became a powerful tool in managing physical production assets, identifying investment needs and prioritizing investments into capital and maintenance programs. In addition to that, monitoring the Health of the asset is crucial as it enables the company to point out shortcomings that need to be addressed. Moreover, delivering a strong return on investment ROI (Return On Investment) study for future assets has always been a difficult challenge for the industrial organizations. The present study is implemented on the power generation industry, one of the major sources of pollution, whose industrial sectors have also expensive assets. The study has proven that the implementation of AM with CBM is an integrated strategy, because this combination has fully success helped in reducing the failure rate of the electric-power¬generation plants, increasing equipment efficiency, and reducing expenditure on maintenance, replacement, refurbishment, and consumption of spare parts. Furthermore, the integrated strategy efficiently safeguards the environment from the negative impacts caused by bad health of plant equipments.
Implementing the developed integrated strategy by establishing the Asset Health Monitoring Center (AHMC) is a recommended solution as excellence center, in order to monitor asset health/condition that preserve the environment from impact of any unhealthy assets, as well as increase ROI.
Keywords : Industrial Health
Machine Learing - Based Automatic Arabic Diacritizr, Token And Morphological Analyzer
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Computer And Systems Engineering
By
Ramy Nagah Nasrallah
Abstract :
The Arabic language is one of the most complex languages. This complexity is caused because of many issues such as the affixation system in Arabic, the omission of disambiguating short vowels, and the discretization system which may be absent from the text. Moreover Arabic letters are usually written in different confusing variants. Because of the complexity of the Arabic language, most of the Arabic words are ambiguous in their morphological analysis. Generally, for an Arabic word there are about ten possible morphological solutions (analyses) in average for this word, with only one of them is correct according to the context of the word. In order to extract the correct solution of an Arabic word, it is a must to look at the context of this word. For humans, they should understand the meaning of the context first. For machines, some kind of learning is required too, since no direct rules can resolve the morphological analysis of any natural language. This problem is a very attractive one of human-computer interaction. In this study a very powerful automatic Arabic tagger has been implemented. The tagger acts as an automatic diacritizer, tokenizer and morphological analyzer. The tagger depends on the SVMs Algorithm for machine learning, and solves the problem of the huge learning domain due to the Arabic complexity through a divide-and-conquer technique. The tagger makes use of some Arabic morphological rules and considers previous tagging results. A powerful best-match algorithm has been made in order to select among all the possible orphological solutions against the solutions provided by the trained classifiers. A quick analysis of the proposed algorithm (timing, degree of parallelism and a comparison with previous similar work) is discussed. The tagging results are promising and competitive to the other existing systems. The tagger has great benefits and can be much utilized for research and learning purposes. Moreover, additional systems can be implemented based on the presented tagger, such as Arabic corpora and semantic applications, which in turn have a great interest due to their importance in the real life practice, such as understanding the written/spoken text, monitoring and tracking systems, language learning programs and other several vital applications
Keywords : Machine Learning
Modeling Of Membrane Bioreactor Used In Oily Wastewater Treatment
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Chemical Engineering
By Marwa Abou-Zeied Mekhimar Soliman Shwitah
Abstract :
One of the most serious wastewater disposals is oily waste water which affects directly on the environment (humans, water, soil, air, and all livings). More restricted laws were done to prevent this pollution. Membrane bioreactor MBR presents a good feature to get out of this problem where the water can be reused again with approximately the same or lower than the cost associated with a new fresh water treatment system. A combination of the biological treatment and the membrane filtration was done in the MBR, which gives frequent benefit over conventional waste water treatment. The MF hollow fiber membrane with 0.4 ~m pore size was used in a submerged configuration in this study. Oil removal was studied at different oil concentrations (150-700 ppm) at different HRTs (4,8,20, and 48 h) the results showed that oil removal efficiency was 20-70 % and the highest removal 70 % obtained at 48h and 500ppm oil and similar removal shapes with oil concentrations were given at the different HRTs. With an influent oil concentration of 50 ± 20 ppm, a 100% oil removal was given by the membrane filtration step and oil free water obtained. COD also was an important factor studied. The high COD removal 65% was reached after 20 h and it was observed that the high initial COD inversely affect the COD removal. Good COD removal was obtained from the filtration step where the influent COD was 68-1106 mg COD/l and the permeate COD in the range of 10-66 mg COD/l with a removal efficiency in the range of 80-98.3%. Excellent over all COD removal 99.74% was given by the MBR system with a constant performance. pH, temperature, and turbidity effects were studied on the membrane flux, and a high flux was given at neutral pH at 21°C while at high temperature 27°C the pH didn’t affect on the flux. The flux increases with increasing temperature. Membrane feed turbidity also affects in the flux but with conjunction effects where low turbidity give low flux due to pore clogging while moderate turbidity make cake layer with enough porosity to pass the water and works as a second membrane, where at high turbidity all the fouling forms formed and flux then decreased. Two models were predicted from the experimental data for the biological treatment step and membrane filtration step, the first obtained by data analysis: % Oil removal = 0.03288 (Oil Conc.) - 0.0001 (COD) + 0.003202 (MLSS) + 0.191 (HRT). With R2= 93.2% . where; Oil conc. is the oil concentration in mg/l, COD is the chemical oxygen demand in mg/l, MLSS is the mixed liquor suspended solid in mg/l, HRT is the hydraulic retention time in hour. In the membrane step constant pressure mode was used through the studying of fouling and its effects on the membrane flux. When applying to the four models (standard blocking, intermediate blocking, cake filtration, complete pore blocking), best models agreement with experimental data was obtained, but with times the experimental data far away from the models and became lower than them. Also important observations were obtained after chemical cleaning where the flux in the experimental was higher than the predicted from the models.
Keywords :Wastewater Treatment
Steam Condenser Performance
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Mechanical Engineering.
By Mohamed Mohamed Abd El Elaty Khamis
Abstract :
This research is talking about the condensers system in general, its purpose and effect on efficiency and economy of power plants, also about types of condenser description and condenser types, condenser performance and condenser sizes. In the last part of the research we are talking a case study about the condenser problem in abo qir Fertilizers Company the case study includes condenser description problem in poor vacuum problem due to decrease flow of water and genesis of layers of scales on its tube which decreased the area of cooling water flow which become not sufficient for performing the condensation process, see attachment, also due to increases of load on condenser. That problem had a negative effect on performance by which decreased the load of factory, increased the steam consumption of steam turbines and startup ejector which is used to in rich the poor vaCUUln also decreased the condensation efficiency of condenser. We have faced with the steam condenser and the remedies made to solve it
Keywords : Steam Engineering
Studying The Effect Of Blending Ratio Of Cotton And Model Fibers On Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Yarn And Fabric
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Textile Engineering
by
Heba Fawzy Abdallah Awde
Abstract :
During the last years cellulose fibers were produced from different types such as modal fibers and local fibers. It was produced from different types of trees such as Beech trees, Bamboo and Agave Americana to compete with the cotton fibers. It was found that the characteristics of these fibers differ from rayon .these differences are due to the dissimilarity in production processes & conditions. This difference causes variation in the structure of the fibers therefore it gained their different physical and mechanical properties. This Work is to study the effect of blending ratio of the produced cotton/modal fibers on the properties of yams. The effect of using the blended cotton /modal yam for the processing of interlock knitted fabric was studied and the reflection of the yam Properties on the different fabric properties was investigated. The lost important results which have been obtained are as follows:I)The value of yam feeding tension on the knitted yams during production affects on the final properties of the fabric.2)Final properties of modal fabric are depending on the temperature during the production processes.
Keywords : Fabric
Bipartite Graph Matching For Graph Subraph Isomorphism
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Computer & Systems Engineering
By Amr Hamdy Ebaiad
Abstract :
Graphs are one of the most data structures used in various fields; and Graph Matching is a very popular technique in fields like Patterns Recognition, Computer Vision, Classification and ::Clustering, Data Mining, Bioinformatics, Social Networks and many other fields.This thesis gives a little background about Graph Matching and its applicability in different fields. It provides a brief introduction to graphs terminology and different types of graphs. It . introduces graph matching, and its classification, exact and inexact graph matching. It shows the . distinction between graph isomorphism, and subgraph isomorphism, giving details about the , sraph matching problems time complexity, according to their different types.thosi, pre”n” th, lat”t app,”aoh” in ”,a ph matching and its applicatinns in v.,in”, fi,ld,. I Different approaches are introduced to beat the complexity obstacle. Some used relaxation ~hniq~es, ~thers used neural networks or ~enetic algor!thms, oth.er approaches u~ed concep~s ,hke &ht DIstance or Error-Tolerant MatchIng. Others Involve LInear ProgrammIng to aVOid , exponential computational complexity, while some avoid it by customizations for special classes f of graphs.,fBuilding on that previous work, with some modifications, the thesis proposes a method to solve r the problem in polynomial time without losing accuracy. Using the concept of Graph EditDistance, and how one graph can be transformed into another graph, by some edit operations, it defines a cost function, denoting these operations, to be used as a metric of calculating the graph matching cost. Then, with the graph decomposition technique and how a graph is decomposed into some one-level trees, the graph matching process can be expressed as a bipartite graph matching process between those two sets of trees that can be solved as a typical assignment problem using various techniques. The thesis also analyzes the computational complexity of the proposed method. Finally, it applies parallelism to the method in order to increase its efficiency.To evaluate the method, the thesis conducts different experiments to compare the proposed method with other methods, running experiments on multiple graphs sets to evaluate the accuracy and time complexity of each of the methods. It shows the results of the experiments applied on a manually generated letters database, as an example of a real-life application of graph matching. It also conducts experiments on multiple sets of unlabeled and labeled graphs, provided as a standard test ground for graphs matching benchmarking. All these experiments helped better understand the proposed method, giving a basis for evaluating the performance and efficiency of the methods, in terms of accuracy and matching time.
Keywords : Computer Graphics
Contractor entitlement for extension of time claim consuction projects
Thesis (M.S.)- Department of Construction Engineering
By Ahmed Samir Abdou Abd El-Ghany
Abstract :
Over the past three decades, the construction industry has experienced an increase in claims, liability exposures and disputes, along with an increasing difficulty in reaching reasonable settlements in an effective, economical and timely manner
Unexpected issues out of the contractor’s hand may lead to delay the project completion date, these factors categorized to three groups as follow:
- Owner-related factors
- Design team related factors
- External factors
The granting of extension of time of the project or waiver of liquidated damages has financial implications on the contract parties, meanwhile the poor resolution of claims in the course of construction projects oft
Keywords : Construction
Mutual development interaction between new towns and capital cities
Thesis(PH.D)- Department of Architecture engineering
By Ahmed Mohamed Mokhtar El-Wassimy
Abstract :
Capital cities are facing serious problems due to overpopulation which led many countries to construct new adjacent cities to preserve the urban heritage of the existing capital cities. The relation between a new city and a mother city starts with a dependent relationship that gradually changes to a mutual interaction relationship. The relationship between a new city and a mother city should be a cooperative relationship; however, sometimes the two cities compete to dominate each other because of lack of a clear plan for future integration of the two cities before embarking on the construction of the new city. This thesis identifies new cities needs by portraying the experience of Great Britain, Japan, and Egypt with regard to new cities development. It then examines how to achieve sustain ability in new cities development and in urban transport policy and how to integrate land use planning and transportation planning on the regional level. The thesis presents a new vision for sustainable community development and explains the new objectives and new measurement indicators needed as well as the new sustain ability framework, the new master plan, and the new governance framework for implementing a strategy to revitalize the city. The thesis then picks on one part of the methodology by diving deeply into the new proposed sustainability framework and examining in detail its applications to Borg El Arab. The presented strategy and frameworks can be used as a model for developing and revitalization of other adjacent cities in Egypt that face the same problems as Borg El-Arab due to a legacy of miss-planning. The thesis presents the creation of a controlled urban development axis connecting Alexandria and Borg El Arab along a transit system linking both cities, which will then integrate with the urban development region of the mother city.
Such transit system should be regulated by the government; however, in order to ease the burden on the government budget and to achieve more efficient service delivery, it should be financed and managed by the private sector under a public-private partnership agreement (PPPs). The thesis points to the fundamental factors needed for a successful PPPs Framework and to the four stages of development and implementation of the PPP
Keywords : Cities-Architecture
Time-cost-quality trade-off for construction projects with repetitive activities
Thesis(PH.D)-Department Of Structural engineering
By Remon Fayek Aziz
Abstract :
The objective of this thesis is to present the development of a practical software
system; that is named ~dvanced Multi-objective Typical-repetitive construction Resource Qptimization fu’stem, ”AMTCROS”. The main objective of this system is to provide a practical support for repetitive construction planners who need to optimize resource utilization in order to simultaneously minimize project cost and duration while maximizing its quality. This system consists of an advanced multi-objective optimization model for typical-repetitive larg-scale construction projects. The proposed model is called Modified ritical rath Method With Qenetic ~lgorithm~, ”MCPMWGAs”. This model
incorporates the basic concepts of 1ine Qf !!alance, ”LOB” and £ritical rath Method,
”CPM” in a multi-objective Qenetic ~lgorithm~ ”GAs”. This model intended to determine more scenarios for selecting the best project acivities resouce utilization options for typical-repetitive large-scale construction project. These scenarios evaluated important seven different sets of importance weights at analized project that were selected to find optimal project solutions that lead to find:
- A trade-off among the three project objectives with a less emphasis on project
duration;
- A trade-off among the three project objectives with a less emphasis on project
cost;
- A trade-off among the three project objectives with a greater emphasis on project
quality;
- A trade-off among the three project objectives that give a less emphasis on
project duration with a less emphasis on project cost simultaneously;
- A trade-off among the three project objectives that give a less emphasis on
project duration with a greater emphasis on project quality simultaneously;
- A trade-off among the three project objectives that give a less emphasis on
project cost with a greater emphasis on project quality simultaneously;
- A simultaneously trade-off among project time, cost, and quality.
This ”AMTCROS” software provides planners and decision makers in typical-
repetitive larg-scale construction projects with a much-needed model that is capable of:
- Generating optimal or near optimal resource utilization plans for typical-
repetitive construction projects that optimizes construction time, cost and quality;
- Considering and quantifying quality in construction optimization; and
- Representing three-dimensional trade-off among project time, cost and quality for
repetitive construction projects in order to support decision-makers in evaluating
the impact of various resource utilization plans on project performance.
The mathematical formulation of the model is based on the following assumptions:
- No idle time is allowed for employed crews;
- A constant average duration is set for the same activity at all stages; and
- The learning phenomenon is neglected The following techniques are employed for formulating the model:
- For each activity (k), (where k = I, 2, ... , K) in typical-repetitive network, 1ine
Qf 1!alance, ”LOB” is used to represent the activity schedule in the project time
plan at each stage;
- An activity on the node network (frecedence Qiagram Method, ”PDM”) is used
to represent each stage in the project;
- Transformation from the traditional LOB to modified CPM must be done in the
model;
- Each activity (k), (where k = I, 2, ... , K) has a time buffer (TBk,kk), at each
stage (s), (where s = I, 2, ... , S) between the completion time of the activity (k)
and the start time of each fOllowing activity (kk) in the network;
- Any two sequential activities may have a stage buffer (SBk.kk), of a specific
number of stages at any unit time to meet practical and / or technological
purposes, this stage buffer has to be identified by the planner for these activities;
- For each activity (k) in the network, it is taken a discrete relationship between
time, cost, and quality. This relation is applicable for the same activity at each
stage (s); and
- The developed genetic algorithm model is taken into consideration to achieve the
optimum results.
The optimization model is developed in eight main tasks:
- Advanced multi-objective optimization tools;
- Modeling of construction decision variables;
- Formulation of objective functions;
- Quantifying construction quality;
- Model implementation;
- Model testing and verification;
- Model validation; and
- Model efficiency.
Three application cases studies are done for evaluating the advanced multi-objective
optimization model and forecasting the time, cost, and quality for any new typical-
repetitive large-scale construction project. This research is analyized that the expected new
project result at field equal to the result from AMTCROS multiply (I ± 5 %).
Kevwords:
Project Management, Typical (repetitive) Large-Scale Projects, Line Of Balance,
Multi-Objective Optimization, Genetic Algorithms, and Time-Cost-Quality Trade-Offs,
Keywords : Quality control-management
Risk analysis by using pertmaser
Thesis (M.S.)- department of Construction Engineering
By Bassant Ibrahim Ragab
Abstract :
A project risk is broadly defined as any event or condition that can have a positive or
negative impact on the outcome of a project. Risks differ from problems or issues
because a risk refers to the future potential for adverse outcome or loss. Problems or
issues, however, are conditions or states of affairs that exist in a project at the present
time. Risks may in turn become problems or issues if they are not addressed
effectively.
The goal of risk management is to maximize the positive impacts (opportunities)
while minimizing the negative impacts (losses) associated with project risk.
Risk Management deal with uncertainty and variability in cost estimating and
scheduling.
PER1MASTER is a Project Planning software using Critical Path Method with
additional Monte Carlo Method schedule risk analysis capability which is very useful
way to forecast how the project may proceed and to identify where to place risk
management resources
It can answer:
- What is the chance of finishing project on time?
- What chance do I have of finishing the project on certain date?
- What date can I be 80% confident of finishing by?
- What tasks are most likely to cause project delay
Keywords : Risk analysis & Risk management
Using resins to enhance resistance of steel against corrosion
Thesis(M.S.)- Department of Structural Engineering
By Ismail .A. Mohamed
Abstract :
This investigation aims to study the effect of using resin to enhance the resistance
of reinforcing steel against corrosion. Many concrete structures are deteriorated as a result of lack of information about the mechanism of corrosion, hazards of reinforcing steel corrosion on the structures and the methods of corrosion protection.
This research studies the effect of epoxy coating and latex modified concrete on
corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete structure. The research studies the effect of epoxy type, number of coating layers, and the effect of adding filler to the epoxy resin. The studied types of fillers are: cement, a mix of cement and silica fume, a mix of cement and metakaolin and zinc phosphate. The filler are added with different ratios. The quality of applying the epoxy coating is of a great importance in corrosion resistance, so that, holidays (5 % and 10% of the surface area of the embedded steel bar is left without coating) are made to study the effect of paint defect on corrosion behavior. The effect of wetting and drying on epoxy coating is studied through preparing specimens coated by different types of epoxy and fillers. The specimens are subjected to successive cycles of drying and wetting for six months, each cycle represents two weeks. The behavior of reinforcing steel corrosion in latex modified concrete is studied.Different latex bases are used with different dosages, and different cement contents Time at first crack, time at 2.0 mm crack, corrosion tendency factor, and the rate of corrosion are used to analyze the test results of acceleration corrosion test. The used voltage is 50 DC. And the current intensity is recoded along the time. The efficiency of using epoxy with filler and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in repairing structures is evaluated, as well. Four reinforced concrete beams and four reinforced concrete columns are prepared. A static bending test is carried out on two beams and a static compression test is carried out on two columns. The tests are performed before and after corrosion test to show the change of mechanical properties of these elements due to corrosion, and to evaluate the quality of the repairing system. from the test result, it is clear that adding filler to epoxy resin enhances the resistance of epoxy coating against adhesion loss due to wetting and drying condition. The best result in corrosion resistance was obtained by using Araldite 1011 containing 30 % mixture of cement and silica fume (90% C, 10 % SF) as filler. It is also observed that the resistance of steel corrosion increases with the increase of latex dosage (from 10% to 20% of cement content) for all types of the used latex
Keywords : Steel structures
Design aids for composite beams and columns to egyptian and euro codes
Thesis (M.S.)- department of Structural Engineering.
By Karim Ibrahim Ahmed
Abstract :
The design aids of composite beams and columns by different codes is important for
engineers to help him to design the structure easily by different ways to take the most
economic way with the least time taken for the structure design. This study examines
for the design aids of composite beams to eurocode 4, Egyptian code of practice for
steel Construction and bridges (ASD) and Egyptian code of practice for steel
Construction (LRFD) and the design aids of composite columns for Egyptian code of
practice for steel Construction (ASD and LRFD), taking into consideration the mean
parameters that control the behavior of composite beams and columns and
compression between them. The accuracy and reliability of the results are demonstrated by design excel sheets, design flow charts, manual solved examples and design charts on simply support beam and column subjected to axial load. Design charts for Egyptian code (LRFD) for composite hot rolled beams ”unshored construction” are based on Plastic Analysis theory which is the resistance moment reach to plasticmoment, the mean controller in values of theses Design charts is the effective width and depth of concrete slab, steel section properties and applied moment. It is shown that, unsupported length of compression flange, compactness of steel section, Degree of shear connection provided, spacing of beams, steel grade and concrete depth and strength are the most operative in Composite behavior
Keywords : Beam structures
Moment and shear transfer at slab-columc connections in flat slabs
Thesis(M.S.)- department of Structural Engineering
By
Ahmed Atta Morsy Abdel-Aal
Abstract :
Column-slab connections in flat slab structures must be designed to transfer moment
as well as shear. One of the most widely used analysis methods in flat slab structures is
based on summing the shear stresses developed by vertical loads and the stresses developed by unbalanced moments. The detailed analysis is adopted by the American Concrete Institute ACI 318-08 and the Egyptian Code of concrete practice ECP 203-2007. However, the computational time required by engineer for such analysis is still costly and is not suitable for routine design computations. However, the Egyptian code of practice ECP 203-2007, among other codes, offers an alternative simplified design method for calculating the total punching shear stress including shear stress due to moment transferred to columns. In this simplified method, the
shear stress due to vertical gravity loads is magnified by the factor p to account for the part of shear stresses due to unbalanced moment transferred to columns. The method implies that the estimated additional increase in shear stress due to moment transferred from slab to column is 15%,30%,50% for the interior, exterior and comer column, respectively. The objective of the present study is to compare the detailed analysis of flat slabs with the simplified method recommended with the Egyptian code. The study included the analysis of 150 cases using the Egyptian code recommendations to study the punching shear stress calculation around the critical section of shear of interior, edge, and comer columns-slab connections. The main variables of study are: spacing of columns, column size, concrete characteristic strength, and live load values. The study also included the results of solved problems from some other references. In each studied case, the ratio between shear stresses due to vertical gravity loads and shear stresses due to unbalanced moment is calculated. The investigation is concluded by the evaluation of the magnification factor pproposed in the simplified method. Also, new values of P are proposed for interior, edge, and comer columns connections. Simple design charts are also proposed for design engineers to get the magnification factors based on M/V ratio, slab thickness, and column dimension
Keywords : Flat slabs
Petroleum storage tank gauging
Thesis (M.S.) - department of Mechanical Engineering
By Mohamed Saad Shehata Rizk Ghat
Abstract :
This work focuses on the method of the tank gauging how and where a specific
instrumentation can be used. Servo, Radar gauging, Hydrostatic Tank Gauging
(HTG) and the Hybrid Inventory Management System (HIMS), combining the
advantages of all systems, are described. And radar gauge will be explained. An
uncertainty analysis of the tank inventory data is described and the results are
used for a concise comparison of tank gauging systems. Uncertainties caused by
the installation are listed and clarified. Current technologies employed in tank
gauging, and future trends and possibilities of inventory systems are presented.
We will explained also the basic descriptions of fixed-roof tanks (vertical and
horizontal); internal, external, and domed external floating roof tanks; pressure
tanks; and variable vapor space tanks. The study contains the fundamentals of
the radar system and how it work to measure the level in the tanks. This study
also contains the case study of 10976 m3 and 100000 m3 crude oil with movable
floating roof, calibration tables of the tank and shell temperature table for mild
steel tanks with a linear coefficient of expansion.
Keywords : Tankers engineering & Petroleum technology.
Sea water desalination using reverse osmosis techniques
Thesis(M.S.)- department of Mechanical Engineering
BY Moamen Mohamed Shoala
Abstract :
This research report deals with the desalination technique using reverse osmosis (RO)
method with Matrouh desalination plant as an application. Methods of desalination, an introduction to water chemistry and water guide lines were presented. Then principle of RO was mentioned brietly showing how reverse osmosis works, how to use it in practice and its construction and types.
The steps of RO desalination were discussed showing water pre-treatment, which
includes multimedia filtration, cartridge filtration and chemicals addition, and RO
treatment, which includes RO general equations and the different systems of RO
arrangements.
Giving a practical application, Matrouh RO desalination plant was discussed briefly
showing its general specification, pre-treatment (intake system, filtration, pumps, and
chemicals), reverse osmosis treatment (membranes design, pressure vessels, high
pressure pump), also the control system was highlighted to show the Scada control
system, control instruments and control valves.
As a final step of the RO system, the post treatment was illustrated to show how to
make water ready to be used.
Because of the importance of operation, start up and shut down sequence, they were mentioned briefly showing all their steps.
Finally, plant maintenance and chemical cleaning were presented showing cleaning
chemicals, cleaning equipment, cleaning procedure and all plant components
maintenance.
Keywords : Cosmoses Techniques
New trends in space time error correcting codes
Thesis(M.S.)- department of electrical Engineering.
By Ahmed Hassan Abd El-Malek Mahmoud
Abstract :
MlMO system becomes the bottleneck of all modem communications systems transmitting over different fading channels. One of the most famous space time coding families used in MIMO systems is the Alamouti Space time block code which was introduced by Alamouti and developed by Tarokh. Due to the drawbacks of Alamouti Scheme new families were introduced later with good improvement in performance and spectral efficiency like Layered Space time (LST) code and other new schemes. Forward Error Correcting (FEC) codes capability of detecting and correcting errors inspire researchers to make use ofFEC advantages. New Space time coding families were introduced which involve FEC on their scheme. These families provide a high performance but their high complexity of decoding was a drawback.
Turbo code was introduced by Berrou in 1993 where it operates very close to Shannon limit. The convolutional codes were first used to produce a Turbo code, then Turbo Codes were produced using Block codes which are known as Block turbo codes (BTC) or product codes. They provide better performance and throughput than convolutional turbo codes. A new family was introduced in May 2008 denoted by space time error correcting codes (STECC). It depends on the linearity of FEC codewords to produce diversity in space and time. It provides a better performance than Alamouti scheme and Space Time Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (STBICM) scheme, but the detection which is the bottleneck of this scheme has a complexity that increases linearly with the modulation order. The thesis introduces new trends in space time error correcting codes denoted by Block turbo code space time error correcting code (BTC-STECC). This scheme overcomes the complexity of the detection stage in STECC by using the simple and familiar Alamouti STBC for transmission and detection. Also it uses the properties of BTC and its decoding procedures to make diversity in space, time and code. This provides a better performance than STECC in Rayleigh fading channels. BTC-STECC uses the Chase decoder algorithm to decode the BTC rows and column data. As maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder is the optimal decoder, Chase decoder is a sub-optimal decoder with a high performance close to the optimal one but with less complexity which is a drawback in STECC.
Keywords : Communications Engineering
Wireless sensor networks" an optimum distributed energy balances routing for wireless sensor networks
Thesis (M.S.) - department of electrical Engineering
By Sanaa Saied Abd El-Dayem
Abstract :
Wireless sensing technology has facilitated the user’s surrounding discovery and
gained its importance according to different types of information acquired, that can be as simple as temperature measurements or as complex as military applications. To make wireless networks capable of functioning efficiency and energy sufficiency which are our main concerns. This work presents first a survey about different efficient existing routing methods. Then it moves towards a proposed routing algorithm that finds efficient paths for .data transmission to achieve balance in sensors energy within the network and consume less energy. Comparisons and simulations have shown that this proposed technique surpasses existing methods and improves the quality and effectiveness of data routing over wireless networks. The thesis is presented in five chapters:
Chapter I Chapter I gives an introduction about wireless sensor networks: stating from the definition of a sensor, methods of sending data through wireless networks, data processing, and challenges facing this kind of networks.
Chapter II It reviews important and modern algorithms for sensor networks and related methods for collecting and sending data through these networks.
Chapter III The chapter includes a survey of the (DEBR) algorithm, one of the most approved algorithms in this area which achieves a balance of sensors energy and a selection of the most efficient path. This algorithm has been implemented and then compared with three other important algorithms to prove its superiority.
Keywords : Wireless sensor networks
An introduction to micro-electro mechanical systems(MEMS)
Thesis(M.S.)- Department of Electrical Engineering
By Salah Salem Mohamed Abdalla Ramoon
Abstract :
MEMS offer reduced power consumption, improved performance
(application specific), reduced weight, and lower cost than their bulk
device counterparts. Batch fabrication reduces manufacturing and
assembly costs, reduced size and weight typically result in less power
consumption and increased system design flexibility.
Reducing the size and weight of a device allows multiple MEMS
components can be used in serial or parallel to increase functionality,
device capability, and reliability.
In this report, in chapter 1 I defined what is MEMS ,history OfMEMS,
advantages Of MEM , MEMS and Nanotechnology applications.
In chapter 2 If we view micromachining technology as a set of generic
tools, then there is no reason to limit its use to one material. Indeed,
micromachining has been demonstrated using silicon, glass, ceramics,
polymers, as well as a variety of metals including titanium and tungsten.
Silicon, however, remains the material of choice for micro
electromechanical systems. The object of this chapter is to present the
properties of silicon and several other materials, while emphasizing that
the fmal choice of materials is determined by the type of application and
economics. In chapter 3 I defined the MEMS technology and described the MEMS proces. In chapter 4 describes an introduction to application and industries for MEMS. In chapter 5 contains the references that used for this report.
Keywords : Electro mechanical systems
العمارة البيئية المستدامة:تطبيق تقييم دورة الحياة للمسكن السيوى
اطروحة(دكتوراة) - جامعة الاسكندرية.كليةالهندسة.قسم عمارة
نادر محمد غريب
الملخص :
يواجة المسكن بواحة سيوة العديد من التحديات لصعوبة توفير مواد البناء المحلية المستخدمة فى بنائة ليستمر فى توافقة البيئى كما كان منذ البداية؛لذايتطلب تصميم صقفة الى تقييم وضعة القائم المستخدم الخرسانة المسلحة للوصول الة مقترح تصميمى يحققمثال للتصميم البيئى المستدام يمكن الاستفادة منة فة تجمعاتنا السكنية البيئية.لزلك قام الباحث بدراسة مفهوم احترام دورة الحياة للموارد والطاقة لايجاد سقف مقترح للمسكن السيوى يعتمد على المخلفات الزراعيةللنخلة كمادة محلية يمكن الاستفادة منها لتحل مكان الاسقف الحالية الغير متوافقة بيئيافى واحة سيوة احد المحميات بالصحراء الغربية لجمهورية مصر العربية التى تتجة الجهود للمحافظة عليها وتطويرها بطرق مستدامة
الكلمات المفتاحيه : العمارة البيئية |
